How Diverse is Driving Style in Trajectory Forecasting Datasets?


Overview

Trajectory forecasting has become a popular deep learning task due to its relevance for scenario simulation for autonomous driving. Specifically, trajectory forecasting predicts the trajectory of a short-horizon future for specific human drivers in a particular traffic scenario. Robust and accurate future predictions can enable autonomous driving planners to optimize for low-risk and predictable outcomes for human drivers around them. Although some work has been done to model driving style in planning and personalized autonomous polices, a gap exists in explicitly modeling human driving styles for trajectory forecasting of human behavior. Human driving style is most certainly a correlating factor to decision making, especially in edge-case scenarios where risk is nontrivial, as justified by the large amount of traffic psychology literature on risky driving. So far, the current real-world datasets for trajectory forecasting lack insight on the variety of represented driving styles. While the datasets may represent real-world distributions of driving styles, we posit that fringe driving style types may also be correlated with edge-case safety scenarios. In this work, we conduct analyses on existing real-world trajectory datasets for driving and dissect these works from the lens of driving styles, which is often intangible and non-standardized.

Aggressive Driving Style Visualization
Aggressive Driver
Normal Driving Style Visualization
Normal Driver
Aggressive vs. Normal Driving Styles in nuScenes. These two GIFs compare how an aggressive driver (left) stops abruptly at an intersection versus a normal driver (right) who decelerates smoothly. In both animations, the green box marks the focal vehicle’s initial position, and the green path shows the route traveled. Our KDSC clustering method classifies the first trajectory as aggressive, due to the sudden braking event, and the second as normal, reflecting more gradual deceleration.

Authors

Analysis

Aggressive Driving Style Visualization
nuScenes
Aggressive Driving Style Visualization
Argoverse 2
Aggressive Driving Style Visualization
DISC
Aggressive Driving Style Visualization
WOMD
Boxplots for Second-Order Kinematics by TDBM Driving Style. Different TDBM driving styles have statistically significant differences in kinematics.